After initial problems (the watermark of the Queen on the first batch of notes appeared to show her with a beard), the operation became extremely successful.Jory and his accomplices had already flooded Britain with fakes when in 1998 the police caught the gang whom they had nicknamed the "Lavender Hill Mob". He bought a printing press and set about creating a clandestine mint in the garage of a large house in a secluded part of Essex. He bribed a leading perfumer for the recipes to some of the world's most famous scents and, with his cohorts, went on to produce approximately five million bottles of fake perfume. They had even set up a factory in Acapulco in Mexico before they were arrested.

In 1985 Jory was jailed for what the newspapers at the time described as a "£300m international perfume fraud".After several spells in prison for perfume offences, Jory moved up the criminal ladder and began to make money, literally. Using a business approach to crime, he organised the bottling, packaging and distribution of fake Chanel No 5 in secret factories across London. Over the years he made and lost fortunes and was what police would describe as an "old school" villain. Born in Hackney in 1949 and brought up in north London, after leaving Owen's grammar school in Islington Jory entered the criminal fraternity, he said, through his "own choice". He gained notoriety during the 1970s as a pioneer of the fake perfume industry in Britain. it is not syphilis."Fraenkel's chosen death - by jumping from a bridge into the river Seine at Paris - was a suitably dramatic end to an eccentric but fascinating life.Ian Birchall.

Stephen Jory, counterfeiter and writer: born London 24 November 1949; married (one son, one daughter); died Stow cum Quy, Cambridgeshire 5 May 2006 Stephen Jory was Britain's most prolific counterfeiter. This was massive hypocrisy - 30 years after 1968 there were many in French public life who had been youthful revolutionaries Jospin stupidly denied the accusation. Fraenkel explained his intervention with contemptuous rage: "Trotskyism is not a shameful disease. In far-left circles, Jospin's Trotskyist past was well known, but as his career prospered, his enemies used it against him. Despite his experiences he never renounced Trotskyism - in 2000, at the age of 79, he briefly joined the Ligue Communiste R?lutionnaire.His revolutionary commitment inspired his intervention in the Jospin affair. Fraenkel received support from many parts of the left, but from his erstwhile pupil Jospin not a word.Fraenkel remained a well-known figure on the left, as a translator (of Trotsky, Georg Luk? and Herbert Marcuse), writer and above all speaker. Being stateless (he got French nationality only in 1986), he was in June 1968 put under house arrest in a convent in Loz? Reputedly he encouraged the Mother Superior to read Marcuse.

He was promptly expelled from the OCI, accused of forming a "sexual-sectarian" clique.In March that year Fraenkel gave an influential lecture to students at Nanterre on sexual repression. Perhaps its importance has been exaggerated (sex, drugs and rock'n'roll were not as central to the 1968 events as is often claimed), but he alarmed the French state. (France was then a conservative society on sexual matters - the sale of contraceptives was only legalised in 1967.) Himself bisexual, Fraenkel became an advocate of sexual freedom.In 1967 Fraenkel used the OCI presses to publish translations of the writings of Reich. He was becoming increasingly interested in the links between sexuality and politics, notably the ideas of the pre-war German Marxist Wilhelm Reich. Despite its insistence on Trotskyist "orthodoxy", the OCI attracted gifted intellectuals, notably the historian Pierre Brou?raenkel held important responsibilities in the group, including the training of new recruits. One of his prot?s was Jospin, a student at the ENA (the Ecole nationale d'administration), the prestigious college for civil servants. Fraenkel became his cornac ("elephant-keeper") and took him through a systematic study of basic Marxist theory as well as having long discussions with him.Together with the publisher Fran?s Maspero, Fraenkel was involved in the journal Partisans, launched in 1961 and aimed at the new left formed by opposition to the Algerian war.Fraenkel did not fit easily into the constraints of a disciplined organisation.